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Volcanoes of Africa & Arabia

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Algeria (7 volcanoes)

Atakor Volcanic Field | In Ezzane Volcanic Field | In Teria Volcanic Field | Manzaz Volcanic Field | Nemours-Nedroma | Tafna Beni Saf | Tahalra Volcanic Field

Cameroon (6 volcanoes)

Cameroon | Kumba Volcanic Field | Manengouba | Ngaoundere Plateau | Oku Volcanic Field | Tombel Graben

Chad (6 volcanoes)

Emi Koussi | Tarso Ahon | Tarso Emi Chi | Tarso Tôh | Tarso Toussidé | Tarso Voon

Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) (6 volcanoes)

Karisimbi | May-ya-moto | Nyamuragira | Nyiragongo | Tshibinda | Visoke

Djibouti (2 volcanoes)

Ardoukôba | Babba'Olou

Equatorial Guinea (3 volcanoes)

San Carlos | San Joaquin | Santa Isabel

Eritrea (8 volcanoes)

Alid | Assab Volcanic Field | Dubbi | Gufa | Jalua | Mabda | Mallahle | Nabro

Ethiopia (77 volcanoes)

Adwa | Afderà | Alayta | Ale Bagu | Ali Mela | Alu | Alutu | Asavyo | Asgura | Ayelu | Badi | Beru | Bilate River Field | Bishoftu Volcanic Field | Boina | Bora-Bericcio | Borale Ale | Borawli | Boset-Bericha | Butajiri-Silti Field | Ch'Ilalo | Chew Bahir | Chiracha | Corbetti Caldera | Dabbahu | Dabbayra | Dalafilla | Dalaha'ale | Dallol | Dama Ali | Data Gabalti | Dawa Ale-Quarry | Didolli | Dofen | Duguna | East Zway | Egersuwa | Ela | Erta Ale | Fantale | Finini | Gabillema | Gad Elu | Gada Ale | Gademota Caldera | Gedamsa | Groppo | Hayli Gubbi | Hertali | Hobitcha Caldera | Katahelu | Kone | Korath Range | Kurub | Liado Hayk | Ma Alalta | Manda Gargori | Manda Hararo | Manda-Inakir | Mat Ala | Mega Basalt Field | Mousa Alli | O'a Caldera | Oyma | Sodore | Sork Ale | Tat Ali | Tepi | Tosa Sucha | Tullu Moje | Undurer | Unnamed 8.07°N / 39.07°E | Unnamed 8.62°N / 38.95°E | Unnamed 8.70/39.63 | Unnamed 8.7°N / 39.63°E | Yangudi | Zikwala

Kenya (31 volcanoes)

Asie | Bogoria | Central Island | Chyulu Hills | Elmenteita Badlands | Emuruangogolak | Homa Mountain | Huri | Kilombe Caldera | Korosi | Kulal | Lenderut | Longonot | Marsabit | Menengai | Namarunu | North Island | Nyambeni Hills | Ol Doinyo Eburru | Ol Doinyo Nyokie | Ol Kokwe | Olkaria | Paka | Porr | Segererua Plateau | Shombole | Silali | South Island | Sultan Hamud-Simba | Suswa | The Barrier

Libya (3 volcanoes)

Haruj | Wau-en-Namus | Waw an Namous

Morocco (7 volcanoes)

Azrou Volcanic Field | Berguent Volcanic Field | Chott Tigri Volcanic Field | Mrit-Ment Volcanic Field | Oujda Volcanic Field | Oulmes Volcanic Field | Rekkame Volcanic Field

Nigeria (2 volcanoes)

Biu Plateau | Jos Plateau

Rwanda (1 volcano)

Sabinyo

São Tomé and Príncipe (1 volcano)

Sao Tome

Saudi Arabia (14 volcanoes)

Al Harrah | Harrat 'Uwayrid | Harrat al Birk | Harrat ar Rahah | Harrat Ash Shaam | Harrat Hutaymah | Harrat Ithnayn | Harrat Khaybar | Harrat Kishb | Harrat Lunayyir | Harrat Rahat | Jabal Baqarah | Jabal Yar | Jibal al Haylah

Senegal (1 volcano)

Cap-Vert

Sudan (5 volcanoes)

Bayuda Volcanic Field | Jebel Marra | Jebel Umm Arafieb | Kutum Volcanic Field | Meidob Volcanic Field

Tanzania (23 volcanoes)

Burko | Embagai | Gelai | Hanang | Igwisi Hills | Izumbwe-Mpoli | Katete | Kerimasi | Ketumbeine | Kilimanjaro | Kwaraha | Kyejo | Loolmalasin | Meru | Ngorongoro | Ngozi | Ol Doinyo Lengai | Olmoti | Rungwe | Sadiman | SW Usangu Basin | Tukuyu | Usangu Scarp Basalt

Uganda (9 volcanoes)

Bufumbira | Bunyaruguru | Fort Portal | Katunga | Katwe-Kikorongo | Kyatwa | Muhavura | Sabinyo

Yemen (11 volcanoes)

Bir Borhut | Harra es-Sawâd | Harra of Arhab | Harra of Bal Haf | Harras of Dhamar | Jabal el-Marha | Jabal Haylan | Hanish | Jebel al-Tair | Jebel Zubair | Zukur

The East African Rift Valley

Map of East Africa showing some of the historically active volcanoes (red triangles) and the Afar Triangle (shaded, center) -- a so-called triple junction (or triple point), where three plates are pulling away from one another: the Arabian Plate, and the two parts of the African Plate (the Nubian and the Somalian) splitting along the East African Rift Zone.
Map of East Africa showing some of the historically active volcanoes (red triangles) and the Afar Triangle (shaded, center) -- a so-called triple junction (or triple point), where three plates are pulling away from one another: the Arabian Plate, and the two parts of the African Plate (the Nubian and the Somalian) splitting along the East African Rift Zone.

From: Kious and Tilling, 1996, This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics: USGS Online version 1.08



In East Africa, spreading processes have already torn Saudi Arabia away from the rest of the African continent, forming the Red Sea. The actively splitting African Plate and the Arabian Plate meet in what geologists call a triple junction, where the Red Sea meets the Gulf of Aden. A new spreading centre may be developing under Africa along the East African Rift Zone. When the continental crust stretches beyond its limits, tension cracks begin to appear on the Earth's surface. Magma rises and squeezes through the widening cracks, sometimes to erupt and form volcanoes. The rising magma, whether or not it erupts, puts more pressure on the crust to produce additional fractures and, ultimately, the rift zone.
East Africa may be the site of the Earth's next major ocean. Plate interactions in the region provide scientists an opportunity to study first hand how the Atlantic may have begun to form about 200 million years ago. Geologists believe that, if spreading continues, the three plates that meet at the edge of the present-day African continent will separate completely; allowing the Indian Ocean to flood the area and making the easternmost corner of Africa (the Horn of Africa) a large island.


Latest news

Wed, 27 Mar 2024, 15:00

Nyiragongo volcano (DR Congo) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 20 March-26 March 2024 (Continuing Activity)

Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma (OVG) reported that the sulfur dioxide (SO2) flux at Nyiragongo decreased slightly but remained at moderate levels during 18-23 March. The Munigi station measured a small increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations from fractures in the S area. Additionally, CO2 concentrations in the “mazuku”, or lowland areas located in the W area of the city of Goma, remained lethal. ... Read all
Thu, 21 Mar 2024, 11:00

Nyiragongo volcano (DR Congo) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 20 March-26 March 2024 (Continuing Activity)

Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma (OVG) reported that the sulfur dioxide (SO2) flux at Nyiragongo decreased slightly but remained at moderate levels during 18-23 March. The Munigi station measured a small increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations from fractures in the S area. Additionally, CO2 concentrations in the “mazuku”, or lowland areas located in the W area of the city of Goma, remained lethal. ... Read all
  • Tours in Africa

Schematic map of Africa's most active volcanoes
Schematic map of Africa's most active volcanoes
Volcanoes in Africa
Adapted from: Simpkin and Siebert, 1994, Volcanoes of the World:
Africa is the only region other than the Mediterranean with an historically dated B.C. eruption (at Mount Cameroon, observed by a passing Carthaginian navigator in the 5th century B.C.). By the 15th centuray A.D., however, when Portuguese exploration of Africa had begun and Vasco de Gama sailed to India via the Cape of Good Hope, only 2 more eruptions had been recorded, both from Ethiopia. In the next 3 and two-thirds centuries, another 20 some eruptions were recorded, but the main historical record of the continent began with the opening of the Suez Canal at the end of 1869, and the heyday of African exploration that followed.
Most African volcanoes result from hotspots, the rifting in East Africa, or a combination of the two. The East African rift, one of the world's most dramatic extensional structures, has produced the continent's highest and lowest volcanoes, ranging from the massive Kilimanjaro to vents in Ethiopia's Danakil Depression that lie below sea level.
Two neighboring volcanoes in Zaire's (today's Democratic Republic of the Congo) Virunga National Park, Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo, are responsible for nearly two-fifths of Africa's historical eruptions.