Full glossary

Qal'eh Hasan Ali volcano is a group of 14 maars about 5,000-50,000 years old in SE Iran. The maars range from 150 to 1200 m in diameter. The largest of the maars Great Crater, 1.2 km wide and 200-300 m deep.

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Quartz (crystalline SIO2) is the most abundant mineral in the Earth's continental crust.

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Quetrupillan is a glaciated stratovolcano in central Chile built within a large 7x10 km caldera. The volcano last erupted in 1872.

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Quilotoa volcano is a small 3 km wide caldera about 80 km SSW of Quito. It is the westernmost of Ecuador's Andean volcanoes. The caldera is the truncated remnant of a dacitic stratovolcano. It has steep inner walls which rise 400 m above the surface of a 240 m deep lake.
The only certain historical eruption of Quilotoa volcano occurred in 1280 and was one of the largest explosive eruptions in the world during the past 1000 years.
Geologic studies have shown evidence that Quilotoa has produced at least 8 large explosive eruptions during the past 200,000 years at intervals of 10,000-14,000 years.

Reports of historical eruptions from the caldera lake are not certain. At present, Quilotoa volcano has fumaroles on the lake floor and hot springs on the eastern flank.

Source: Smithsonian / GVP volcano information

Quimsachata (Kimsachata) is the northernmost active volcano in Peru and located at the foot of the Cordillera Oriental in an isolated area far east of the main volcanic front.
It sonsists a group of 2 vents: Quimsachata, an older andesitic cinder cone surrounded by a lava shield, which erupted ca. 11,500 years ago, and a younger rhyolitic lava dome, Oroscocha, that erupted ca. 6400 years ago and produced a short, thick lava flow. (USGS / GVP)